1. Project Tiger in India :

Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation venture, launched in India in 1972 to protect Royal Bengal Tiger. The project aims at tiger conservation in specifically constituted tiger reserve which are representative of various region in all India. It strives to conserve a viable population of tiger in the natural environment.

An estimate of the tiger population placed the figure at 45,000 in India at the turn of 19th century. In 1972, it revealed the existence of only 1827 tigers after the first ever all-India tiger census. The project was launched in 1973 in Jim Corbett National Park, and 8 other tiger reserves were created in the country on a 'core-buffer' strategy. These nine tiger reserve were Manas (Assam), Palamau (Bihar), Similipal (Orissa), Corbett (U.P.), Kanha (M.P.), Melghat (Maharashtra), Bandipur (Karnataka), Ranthambhore (Rajasthan) and Sunderbans (West Bengal), established in different states of India which covered an area of about 13,017sq.km.The core areas of each tiger reserve were freed from all sorts of human activities and the buffer areas were meant to 'conservation oriented land use'. Based on the principles outlined, management plans were drawn up for each tiger reserve are :

1. Relegation of all forms of human tapping and biotic hindrance from the core area and systematization of activities in the buffer zone.
2. confining the habitat management only to fix the damages done to the eco-system by human and other hindrance, so as to facilitate retrieval of the eco-system to its natural state.
3. Monitoring the faunal and floral changes over time and carrying out research about wildlife.

For the first time, information and communication technology is being used for : linking significant tiger reserves in the GIS Domain for developing management support system together with crime detection, spreading of information through web and growing a National Tiger Monitoring and Habitat Evaluation System with provincial protocols. A new decision on conservation of Asian Cats was floored by India in November 2002, during the 12thmeeting of the Conference of Parties to CITES.

The allocation under Project Tiger has been improved from Rs. 7500 lakhs in the IX Plan to Rs. 15000 lakhs in the X Plan. During the year 2003-04, an amount of Rs 3067.21 lakhs was released to states under the project.

Following is the list of tiger reserves and national parks in India.

• Bandipur National Park (1973-74)
• Jim Corbett National Park (1973-74)
• Kanha National Park (1973-74)
• Manas National Park (1973-74)
• Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary (1973-74)
• Palamau National Park (1973-74)
• Ranthambore National Park (1973-74)
• Simlipal National Park (1973-74)
• Sunderbans National Park (1973-74)
• Periyar National Park (1978-79)
• Sariska National Park (1978-79)
• Buxa National Park (1982-83)
• Indravati National Park (1982-83)
• Nagarjunsagar National Park (1982-83)
• Namdapha National Park (1982-83)
• Dudhwa National Park (1987-88)
• Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (1988-89)
• Valmiki National Park (1989-90)
• Pench National Park - Madhya Pradesh (1992-93)
• Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (1993-94)
• Bandhavgarh National Park (1993-94)
• Panna National Park (1994-95)
• Dampha Tiger Reserve (1994-95)
• Bhadra National Park (1998-99)
• Pench National Park - Maharashtra (1998-99)
• Pakhui-Nameri Tiger Reserve (1999-2000)
• Bori, Satpura & Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuaries (1999-2000)
• Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary Extension (1999-2000)
• Nagarhole National Park Extension (1999-2000)
  
  

2. Basic information of Jim Corbett National Park of India :

Jim Corbett National Park is located in the foothills of Himalaya in the closest proximity of Ramnagar an small Town. Corbett National Park is the oldest national park of India, Situated in Nainital district of Uttarakhand State.

ALTITUDE : 385-1100M Above MSL

RAINFALL : 1400mm-2800mm

TEMPERATURE :4 degrees C to 42 degrees C

Corbett Tiger Reserve today holds almost certainly the next major inhabitants of free living tigers in the globe. The reserve is therefore one of the last remaining strong holds, which holds a potentially feasible population of this royal and critically endangered species of cat family.
Almost 600 Asian elephants also have a habitat in Corbett tiger reserve,and can be seen wondering restful along its length and breadth. Jim Corbett park, along with the Raja ji National Park also represents the North-western most limits of Tiger and Elephant sharing in the Indian subcontinent.

Jim Corbett National Park is also habitat for nearly 600 species of resident and migratory birds. This remarkably affluent avifaunal diversity represents almost 6% of the total birds species in the world. This is more than the total bird diversity of Europe.

The 49 species of diurnal raptors also found here are distinctive elements of this avifauna. The avifaunal variety is at its peak during rain in Jim Corbett National Park India.

3. History of Corbett National Park India :

The dense Jungles of the Jim Corbett National Park were the private land of the local rulers as the princely state of Tehri Garhwal before the years 1815-20 of the British Rule. The forests were unoccupied to make the area less defenseless to Rohilla attackers. The Maha Raja of Tehri officially capitulated a division of his princely state to the East India Company in return for their support in ousting the Gurkhas from his province. Although the fact that the ownership had passed into the British hands, the government compensated little or no consideration to the conservation of the park. The only aim was to utilize the natural assets and extract as much revenue as possible from the jungle.

In the year 1858, Major Ramsay drew up the first extensive conservation plan to shield the nature and forest of Corbett Park. He ensure that his guidelines are followed firmly and, after two-three decades the condition of the forest began to improve. In 1861-62 farming was expelled in the subordinate Patli-doon valley. Farm animals huts were dragged down and domestic animals were driven from the jungle. A customary staff of workers was formed to battle with jungle fire and protects the forest from unlawful felling of trees. Licenses were issued for timber and count of trees was undertaken. In 1868, the Forest division understood accountability for the forests and in 1879 this forest declared as reserved forest under the forest Act.

To be continued.....

4. Who was 'Jim Corbett' :

'Edward James Jim Corbett' (25 July 1875), born in the town of Nainital, was a British hunter. Jim grew up in a large family of 13 children and was the eighth child of Willam Christopher and Mary Jane Corbett.He completed his study at the Oak Openings School, later merged with Philander Smith College in Nainital. He was an ecologist, creator and naturalist, famous for slaying a great figure of man-eating tigers and leopards in India. He had done employment with the Bengal and North Western Railway, initially working as a fuel inspector at Manakpur in the Punjab. Corbett held the category of colonel in the British Indian Army and was repeatedly called upon by the government of the integrated Provinces, now the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, to assassinate man-eating tigers and leopards that had killed people in the villages of the Garhwal and Kumaon region. His success in slaying the man-eaters earned him much admiration and fame among the people residing in the villages of Kumaon.Many people considered him a saint.Corbett spar out for the require to defend India's wildlife from extinction. The Jim Corbett National Park in Kumaon was named in his honour in 1957.He died in April 19, 1955 (aged 79) Nyeri, Kenya.
Corbett preferred to hunt alone and on foot when pursuing dangerous game. Between 1907 and 1938, Corbett tracked and explosion a documented 19 tigers and 14 leopards. From a very young age, Jim was fascinated by the forests and the wildlife it is estimated that he had killed more than 1,200 men, women and children. The first tiger he killed, the Champawat Tiger in Champawat.
Corbett bought his first camera in the late 1920s, and started to record tigers on cine film.Corbett was deeply concerned about the fate of tigers and their habitat. He had an intimate knowledge of the jungle; it was a difficult task to achieve good pictures. His admiration for tigers and leopards grew, he resolved never to shoot them unless they turned man-eater or posed a threat to cattle.
After 1947, Corbett and his sister Maggie retired to Nyeri, Kenya, where he continued to write and sound the alarm about declining numbers of jungle cats and other wildlife.
In 1948, in the wake of the success of the book Man-Eaters of Kumaon a Hollywood film, Man-Eater of Kumaon was filmed (director Byron Haskin, starring Sabu, Wendell Corey and Joe Page). This was a typical Hollywood creation. The film did not follow any of Corbett's stories; instead an imaginary fresh tale was made up. The film was a slump, although some fascinating footage of the tiger was filmed. Corbett is known to have said that "the best actor was the tiger"
Jim Corbett died of a heart attack a few days after he completed writing his sixth book Tree Tops, and was buried at St. Peter's Anglican Church in Nyeri.

He has written a large number of books and brought a great name and fame from this.
His prominent books are here under..

Man-eaters of Kumaon. Oxford University Press, Bombay 1944
Man-eaters of Kumaon. Oxford University Press, Madras 1945 (second ed.)
Man-eaters of Kumaon. Oxford University Press, 1946
The Man-eating Leopard of Rudraprayag. Oxford University Press, 1947
My India. Oxford University Press, 1952
Jungle Lore. Oxford University Press, 1953
The Temple Tiger and more man-eaters of Kumaon. Oxford University Press, 1954
Tree Tops. Oxford University Press, 1955.

(Contribution By Ananya Rawat)

5. Geography of Corbett National Park :

The park is located between 2925' to 2939'N latitude and 7844' to 7907'E longitude. The average height of the region ranges between 360 m (1,181 ft) and 1,040 m (3,412 ft). It has various ravines, ridges, minor streams and small plateaus with changeable aspects and degrees of slopes. The park encompasses the Patli Dun valley formed by the Ramganga river. It shields parts of the Upper Gangetic Plains. It has humid subtropical and raised ground weather.
The present region of Corbett Tiger Reserve is 1,318.54 square kilometers including 520 square kilometers of middle area and 797.72 square kilometers of reduce area. The center area forms the Jim Corbett National Park while the buffer contains reserve forests area of 496.54 square kilometers as well as the Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary includes 301.18 square kilometers.
The reserve, situated factually along a valley between the minor Himalaya in the north and the Siwaliks in the south, has a sub-Himalayan belt shape. The higher tertiary rocks are uncovered towards the foundation of the Shiwalik range and firm sandstone units form wide ridges. Characteristic longitudinal valleys, geologically phrased Doons or Duns can be seen shaped along the tapered tectonic zones between lineaments.

(Contribution By Ananya Rawat)

6. Climate and weather of Corbett National Park :

Jim Corbett National Park has a mild type of weather. Corbet National Park also experiences the three different seasons like summer, winter and monsoon like the rest parts of India. The uncommon species of wildlife, which finds shelter in the wildlife reserve, is fit-adapted to these cyclic variations and heat. For the ease of both, the wildlife as well as the tourists, the park remains open between the months of November and June, which pleasingly is the best time to visit the park. However, to organize yourself for the trip, it is essential to be familiar with the weather and climatic situation of the place.

Summer

The summer season begins from the month of March and ends till mid-June. With the temperature crossing the 40o C (mark most of the times), the days can be very hot during the month of May. The sweltering temperature of the sun becomes somewhat horrendous for the animals as well as the residents. Also, a hot wind simply known as loo, blows throughout the day, during summers. As a result wild animals can easily viewed beside water bodies.

Monsoon

The beginning of the monsoon is witnessed in mid-June, which ends up to October. The rain showers carry breathing space to the parching landscape from the burning heat. The climate becomes fairly pleasant with the drop in temperature. Though, most of the parts of Corbett national park is closed for the visitors throughout the rainy season as this is the mating season of most of the animals. To one side, the area is also horizontal to soil erosion and landslides which can prove to be risky. During monsoons, the moisture soars up to 98 percent, makes the weather very humid.

Winter

Starts from November to February, winters are ideal to discover the wildlife zones of the park. The park heartily welcomes all the tourists this time. The climate is temperate during this time of the year. The moisture level also falls down to about 57%. Animals are also effortlessly visible during this time as they come out to laze around in the sun. While the days are pleasant, the nights are quite cold. The night temperature can drop down to 5 o C. A cold wind known as 'dadu' blows in the region, throughout the night, lowering the temperature significantly.

7. Landscapes and geology of Corbett National Park :

Corbett national park is lies in the Outer-Himalayan or Shiwalik region. Corbetts northern areas are wizened by the trivial Himalayan sequence, which extends from Pakistan, through Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and to Arunachal. The smaller Himalayas are quite elevated, with an average altitude of 1800 m and are done of crystalline rocks. The flora includes cold-climate tree group like pine, oak, and rhododendron. Mountains recommend a huge variety of habitats due to difference in altitude, relief, and temperature. Subsequently, mountain plant and animal communities have exceptional description.

Terai-bhabar

The Terai-bhabar is an individual environmental area, residence to rare wildlife such as the tiger, rhino, elephant, sloth bear, and crucial atmosphere for over 500 bird variety.

The southern boundary of Corbett flanks the ecologically essential terai-bhabar area the terai swamplands that lie additional south of bhabar. The terai is swampy and muggy, and contains several springs and slow-flowing streams. The bhabar region is porous because it consists mainly of gravel and boulders. The band of ground shirking the southern constituent of the Shiwaliks. It consists of the bhabar section, a slight restraint of sloping land situated at the external edge of Shiwaliks

Duns

Connecting the Himalayan and Shiwalik mountain ranges recline extended valleys called duns. Duns are formed not due to corrosion but have a structural foundation.

They are enclosed with boulders and stony originating from the corrosion of the Himalayas and the Shiwalik uplands. One such dun occurs in the northern half of Corbett. This is the Patli Dun and is the majority visible from Dhikala. Kanda, creature prominent in the Park, presents a panoramic sight of this valley.

(Contribution By Ananya Rawat)

8. Rivers in Corbett National Park :

Rivers are the major stream sources at Corbett national park and Water is a crucial factor. The Ramganga river tribuataries, Palain, Mandal and Sonanadi serve as the key hydrological resource for the park. The most significant hydrological resource is Ramganga, Sonanadi, Mandal, Palain and Kosi are the major rivers flowing through the Jim Corbett National Park.

Ramganga

Ramganga river is essential for Corbett national park. This river which is a tributary of the mighty Ganges, and popular amongst anglers for the mighty mahseer-the fighting fish. It is the largest and the eternal sources of water in the Park. The Ramganga traverses more than 100 km before entering Corbett close to Marchula. Inside the Park it flows roughly 40 km till Kalagarh where it enters the plains.
In Ramganga there is much kind of birds, like kingfishers, fish-eagles, terns and storks depend on the Ramganga. During winters the Ramganga reservoir attracts lots of wandering bird species, particularly water birds from Europe and Central Asia.

Kosi

The Kosi is a perpetual river like the Ramganga is colonized by mahseer and attracts migratory birds. The Kosi flows from Mohan through Dhikuli till Ramnagar, forms the eastern frontier of Jim Corbett National Park. The river Kosi runs proximate to the Park and is also a significant water resource for nearby areas. Kosi is notorious for its unpredictable and damaging torrents during monsoon. Even though the Kosi does not enter the Park boundary, wild animals from Corbett use it for drinking particularly during pinch periods.Kosi is notorious for its unpredictable and damaging torrents during monsoon. Like Ramganga, the Kosi is inhabited by mahseer and attracts migratory birds.

Sonanadi

The Sonanadi is an essential stream of the Ramganga, an important part of the Corbett Tiger Reserve. The Sonanadi enters the Park from the northwest direction and meets the Ramganga at the reservoir.
The name Sonanadi means river of gold. At one time grains of gold, found in the alluvial deposits washed down from the elevated areas, were extracted from the bed sand by sieving, washing and mercury treatment.

Mandal and Palain

The Mandal flows for 32 km and joins the Ramganga at Domunda a little distance above Gairal and fraction of the northeastern boundary, During the dry season, the Mandal contains very little water but during the monsoons it turns into a furious torrent.

The Palain is the third essential tributary of the Ramganga and enters the Park from a northern direction. It meets the Ramganga about 3 km north of the Ramganga reservoir.

The finest time to visit the Jim Corbett National Park is from early October to mid December and then again from mid of February for the next four months. The Corbett Wild is located on the pool of river Kosi & Angling Camp on the bank of river Ramganga.

(Contribution By Ananya Rawat)

9. Habitats and ecosystem of corbett national park :

The environment of different geological features of Corbett has given ascend to an equally varied set of communities of life forms that survive in them.

Such habitats, along with their resident flora and fauna, form diverse ecosystems that are identifiable when you move through Corbett.

Mountains

Mountains are different from other landforms because they have an unusual variation in elevation, relief, warmth, gradient and the amount of sunlight received. Therefore, there is great diversity in mountain habitats and mountain plant and animal communities have unique description. Mountain habitats show a zonation of floral and faunal patterns in terms of altitude. While ascending mountains, a number of different types of place communities can be seen. The lower regions consist of sal and connected forests while as you go higher you encounter progressive belts of assorted forests, chir pine, oak and rhododendron. Consequently, the fauna also varies and the elevated reaches have animals like the Himalayan black bear and serow, which are deficient lower down. This zonation is perhaps most obvious in the kinds of birds encountered as you go superior.

Sal Forests

Sal (Shorea rubusta) is an attractive tree that grows up to 35 m tall and has majestic, shining foliage. Sal is the main tree kind of Corbett and often grows as dense forest. Sal forests represent tropical monsoon type of climate that transpire in areas with 100-200 cm rainfall annually and grow at 200-1200 m above sea point.

These sal forests forms an essential wildlife region throughout northern and central India. Hence the sal forest ecosystem has a wide variety of trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, fungi, lichens and mosses. Naturally, the life of many mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians is linked to sal forests directly or indirectly for food or shelter. In Corbett the sal forests are found around Panod nallah, Amgadi sot, Sajgadi sot, Gajar sot and Sultan, and also near Dhikala, Khinanauli, Bijrani and Mailani.

Khair-sissoo forests

Khair and Sissoo are the first trees to come up on freshly exposed ground and newly deposited alluvium. They have special nodules on their roots that add nitrogen to the soil and improve fertility. Once khair-sissoo is recognized, they develop soil, add nutrients and control temperature and winds, and thus help more advanced vegetation to grow. The climax of this gradual process is the formation of sal forests and takes many decades, even centuries to culminate. Khair-sissoo forests provide shade and cover to large mammalians like sambar deer and also tiger and leopard. They also provide roosts and nesting places for birds.

Chaurs

Chaurs are manmade clearings that were once used for agriculture but presently form a rich growth of various species of medium to tall grasses. These areas are favoured by elephants and deer and provide shelter to many grassland birds e.g. partridges. The presence of deer attracts tigers to chaurs. Hence, they are the best places to look for tigers.This is done during winter by a careful exercise of artificial burning. This induces a fresh growth of grasses that deer and other grazers feed upon. The major chaurs of Corbett occur mainly in the Patli Dun area of the Park. The most essential ones are: Dhikala, Phulai, Khinanauli, Paterpani, Mohanpani, Bijrani and Bhadhai. Another noted chaur, Boxar, now lies submerged under the Ramganga basin.

Rivers and Streams

The Ramganga and its tributaries, and the numerous sots form an essential segment of the Corbett environment. Besides providing water they form home to many plant and animal communities. Many species of fish live in the perennial waters of the Ramganga and its tributaries. Among fish feeders are otters that live on riverbanks and hunt fish in the Ramganga, Palain, Mandal and Sonanadi. Fish is also the staple diet for the endangered Gharials, crocodilians that are specialised fish-eaters.

Corbetts rivers attract specialist birds of prey like Pallas Fish Eagle and the rare Tawny Fish-owl. Other water dependent birds like kingfishers, cormorants, storks, terns, shanks, sandpipers, dippers, forktails etc. also frequent the Parks rivers. During winters many long-distance migrant birds throng the Ramganga reservoir. These are mainly storks, herons, sandpipers, plovers, waterfowl (ducks and geese) and ospreys.

(Contribution By Ananya Rawat)

10. Flora and fauna in Jim corbett national park :

Jim Corbett National Park is not only famous for its wildlife exploration but it is also prominent for its natural splendor. The wildlife of Corbett National Park is one of the leading tourist attractions of Uttarakhand. The park is situated at the imperial beauty of Himalayan mountain range. Corbett National Park is known for its individualistic scenic beauty, which is spread over an area of 520.8 sq.km. Corbett is known for its rich and varied flora. The stillness of jungles, flora and highly favorable weather spells magic on wildlife variety in Corbett, for Corbett is kneaded with innumerable wildlife species.

Flora & Fauna of Corbett National Park:

Corbett National Park is prominent for its prosperous and varied flora. Corbett National Park is Indias wild pride. In this park more that 600 species of trees, herbs, shrubs, bamboos, grasses, ferns, orchids. The essential flora of the Corbett National Park consists of the evergreen Sal, Sheesam, Dhak, Kanju, Pipal, Haldu, Rohini and Mangos trees. The Park is the occasional Simal, Khairthat, Jhingan and flowers in the spring season, just before the starting of summer season.

Corbett National Park is one of the famous well saved wildlife National Park in India. Various tourists come every year to see the Fauna of this park. Corbett Tiger Reserve defined various tourism zones inside the park for tourist to view various species of Fauna and enjoy the wildlife totally. The main objective is preserving royal tigers of Bengal. Spanning across a huge region. The park shelters lots of endangered species: 50 mammal species, 549 bird species and 26 reptile species.

The various species of Fauna is divided into following sub types:

Mammals: Tiger, Leopard, Elephant, Hog deer, spotted deer, Samber, Braking deer, Langoor, Wild boar, and monkeys.

Birds: Long Tail, White Bush chat, Oriental-Pied, Emerald Dove, Red Wattle Lapwing, the Asian Paradise Flycatcher, Rested Kingfisher, Indian Shirks, Indian Alpine Swift, Woodpecker, Laughing Thrush, Vulture, Parakeet, Kales Pheasant, Oriole, Common Grey Hornbill, Seagull, Duck, Stork, Cormorant, Parrot, Indian Roller and many more.

Reptiles: Indian Marsh crocodile or Mugger Gharial, King Cobra Common Krait Cobra, Russel Viper and Python.

Fish: Mahaseer, Troude, Kalimuchi, Goonch, Kalabasu, chilwa and many more.

The trees which contribute in the Flora of Corbett National Park consists of evergreen sal and its combine trees, the Sheesham, the Kanju found extensively on the ridges. Other essential trees in the Corbett National Park are the occasional simal, jhingan and Khair that flourish in spring season just before the starting of summer time.

A smooth grassy blank full of herbs and short and tall grasses, which provides the largest part of the grazing for the herbivores. Ardisia solanacea which provide a source of life giving water to all herbivores during the dry months of the year. During spring season many trees burst into bloom, which provides an enchantingly beautiful look to the Corbett National Park.

(Contribution By Ananya Rawat)

11. List of mammals found in corbett national park :

Jim Corbett National Park is the habitat of numerous wildlife animals. In 1974 the National park was selected for the launching for project tiger movement. Apart from tiger many rarest spices of mammals are found in Corbett . According to corbett national park officials, following are the list of mammals which are found in Jim corbett Park.

Common English Name Scientific Name Local Name

Long-eared hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus collaris

House shrew Suncus murinus tytleri Chuchunder

Savi pygmy shrew Suncus etruscus micronyx Chuchunder

Asiatic elephant Elephas maximus Hathi

Rufous-tailed hare Lepus nigricollis ruficaudatus Khargosh

Wild boar Sus scrofa Suar

Barking deer Munitiacus muntjak Kakar

Spotted Deer Axis axis Chital

Hog deer Axis porcinus Para

Sambar Cervus unicolor Jadau

Goral Nemorhaedus goral Ghoral

Serow Nemorhaedus sumatraensis Serow

Blue Bull Boselaphus tragocamellus Nilgai

Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata Silu

Common giant flying squirrel Petaurista petaurista

Northern palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti Gilheri

Indian crested porcupine Hystrix indica Solli Sahi

Indian gerbil Tatera indica

Common Indian rat Rattus rattus refescens Chuha, Muss

Common Indian rat Rattus rattus gangutrianus Chuha, Muss

Home mouse Mus musculus tytleri Chuha, Muss

Mouse Mus musculus homeurus Chuha, Muss

Common Indian field mouse Mus booduga Chuha, Muss

Indian bush rat Golunda ellioti myothrix Chuha, Muss

Bandicoot rat Nosokia indica indica Chuha, Muss

Large bandicoot rat Bandicota indica Chuha, Muss

Indian flying-fox Pteropus giganteus giganteus Chimkadar

Short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx Chimkadar

Little Japanese horseshoe bat Rhinoplophus cornutus blythi Chimkadar

Leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros cineraues micropus Chimkadar

Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros armiger armiger Chimkadar

Hodgson's bat Myotis formosus Chimkadar

Indian pygmy pipistrelle Pipistrellus mimus mimus Chimkadar

Greater yellow bat Scotophillus heathi heathi Chimkadar

Long-eared bat Plecotus auritus homochrous Chimkadar

Peters tube-nose bat Murina grisea Chimkadar

Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatia Bandar

Common langur Presbytis entellus Guni, Langur

Common red fox Vulpes vulpes Montana Lomri

Asiatic jackal Canis aureus Sheao Gidhad

Dhole Cuon alpinus Junglee Kuta

Sloth bear Melursus ursinus Bhalu

Himalayan black bear Selenar ctos thibetanus Kala Bhalu

Common otter Lutra lutra monticola Udh Bilaoo

Smooth-coated otter Lutra perspicillata Udh Bilaoo

Small-clawed otter Aonyx cinerea Udh Bilaoo

Yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula Attreao

Small Indian civet Viverricula indica Bijju

Common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphorditus Bijju

Himalayan palm civet Paguma larvata Bijju

Indian grey mongoose Herpestes edwardsinyula Navla

Jungle cat Felis chaus Junglee Billi

Leopard cat Felis bengalensis Chita Billi

Leopard Panthera pardus Bagh, Guldar

Tiger Panthera tigris Sher

12. List of replites found in jim corbett park :

Under Construction ..........

13. List of birds found in jim corbett park :

Under Construction

14. Tourism Zones in corbett national park :

Jim Corbett National Park is one of the famous wildlife reserves in India and also one of the best wildlife reserves of Asia, covering more than 520 sq km region in the Himalayan foothills. Every year thousand of tourists come to this park to enjoy the wild life adventure and nature. There are three special ways to explore wilderness of Jim Corbett National Park; these are Elephant Safari, Canter Safari and Jeep Safari. Each of these safaris carries an element of exploit to it. Corbett Safari tour provides the opportunity to examine a variety of animal species in their natural environment. People from all over world visit Corbett national park round the year. The convenience of visitors Jim Corbett National Park has been distributed into five tourism zones. These zones are Dhikala Safari Zone, Bijrani Safari Zone, Durga Devi Safari Zone, Jhirna Safari Zone and Sonanadi safari zone.

Please click the links below for more details of safari zones of corbett tiger reserve India :

• Bijrani Safari Zone
• Dhikala Safari Zone
• Jhirna Safari Zone
• Durgadevi Safari Zone
• Sonanadi Safari Zone
  

15. Maps of corbett :

Please click below link to see all maps of corbett national park :

http://corbetttigerreserve.com/corbett_national_park/corbett_national_park_map/admin

16. Monitoring, Research and conservation in corbett national park :

Corbett is the site for three nationwide conservation projects aimed at saving prominent endangered species from extinction and providing a safe habitat for them. Preserving nature in all its mixture with minimum trouble by human activities and protecting endangered variety like tiger and elephant is indeed a challenging task. A lot additional effort goes into defending unique landscapes like Corbett than most people think. A limited staff of 400-odd permanent employees assisted by a temporary force of labourers works under tough conditions throughout the year to achieve this target. Management involves many concurrent activities that keep the Corbett staff more than occupied during the year.

Introduction

Corbett has aptly been described as the property of the Roar, Trumpet and Song. It represents a scene of incredible charm.

Corbett had the proud division of being chosen as the venue for the inauguration of Project Tiger in India. The rich biodiversity of the conserve is partly recognized to the diversity of habitat found here. Due to the locality of the Reserve in the foothills of the Central Himalayas both Himalayan and peninsular flora and fauna is found in the Reserve.

The grasslands are locally recognized as Chaurs, are limited. The largest grassland is the Dhikala Chaur. Some of the best grasslands counting the famous Buxar Chaur and the Beri Chaur got submerged under the Ramganga reservoir in 1974. The areas made accessible as a result of the relocation of The villages, Dhara, Jhirna and Kothirau in 1994 are being developed into grasslands through habitat management.

The Ramganga reservoir which came into being in 1974 stretches over a region of around 82 sq. km. with one half each in Corbett National Park and Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary.

The Corbett Tiger Reserve has a great variety of fauna on account of habitat variety. It is extremely rich in avifauna. Zoological review ofIndia has recorded over 585 varieties of resident and migratory birds here.

MONITORING AND RESEARCH

Wildlife Population Estimation

Counting wild animals is essential to monitor their population. In Corbett a yearly census is carried out during summers to approximate the numbers of major animal variety to recognize trends and resolve the accomplishment of organization practices on wildlife. Dedicated counting of tigers is done every fourth year as part of an All India Tiger Census under Project Tiger. After the introduction of the Wildlife (Protection) Act in 1972, a special conservation programmed focused on tiger defend subsequently, more protected areas were brought under the umbrella of Project Tiger. It was estimated at over 4,000 according to the 1989 censusction was mooted. This was called Project Tiger.

Project Tiger was launched on 1st April 1973 from Dhikala inCorbettNational Parkwith the pronouncement of 9 tiger reserves (including Corbett) including 268 tigers.

Research

Research plays an essential role in the management of Corbett and adds implication to existing systematic information. Research institutions are confident to carry out surveys and long-term studies on endangered variety and the Corbett environment. Such studies produce outputs that are appropriate not only to Corbett but have a wider application about other secluded areas.

Conservation History

The Reserve area was called as 'Hailey National Park' in 1936. This was renamed in 1954-55 as 'RamgangaNational Park' and again in 1955-56 as 'CorbettNational Park'. Its the oldestNational Park ofIndia. It was one of the nine Tiger Reserves formed at the launch of the Project Tiger in 1973. The original region of the Park was 323.75 sq. km. to which 197.07 sq. km. was additional afterward. A quarter of 797.72 sq. km. was added as barrier of the Corbett Tiger preserve in 1991. This region includes the entire ofKalagarhForest separation (including 301.18 sq. km. area of Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary), 96.70 sq. km. ofRamnagarForest partition and 89 sq. km. The management power over the whole region is that of the Field administrator of the Reserve.

Subsequently, more confined areas were brought under the sunshade of Project Tiger and tiger inhabitants inIndiaapparently recovered. It was projected at over 4,000 according to the 1989 review.

While, the 1993 survey showed that there was a decline in information with the entirety standing at 3,750 tigers. The generally community in tiger reserves was comparatively secure but there was a noticeable fall in population that existed outside these reserves. One of the major reasons for this was an increase in international illegal trafficking of tiger parts, especially bones that are used in conventional Chinese and Korean tablets systems.

Over the years more areas were brought under Project Tiger and established as tiger treasury. Today there are 27 confirmed tiger funds casing more than 37,700 km2. Several more are estimated to be added to the list.

17. Eco development and ecotourism in corbett national park :

The general principal of ecotourism guiding is here under:

The local population should be concerned leading to the generally economic development of the area.
The likely conflicts between resource use for ecotourism and the livelihood of local inhabitants should be recognized and attempts made to minimize the same.
The type and scale of eco-tourism development should be friendly with the environment and socio-cultural individuality of the local community, and it should be considered as a division of the overall region development approach, guided by an integrated land-use plan avoiding inter-sectoral conflicts and ensuring sectoral integration, associated with equal expansion of community services.

Eco tourism is a fast emerging concept in tourism industry all over the world. The real theme of eco tourism is to sponsor values like sensitivity to the environment, active contribution in conservation efforts, education, and support for community. Eco tourism encourages preserving the flora and fauna as well as cleanliness of environment by making as little environmental impact as possible when visiting an ecological habitat. Key to sustainable ecological development, Eco tourism also encourages making use of natural products in every aspect of life.

Today the "Green Laws" of conservation are making community aware of how man and the environment can live symbiotically for extra time to come and ecotourism is the only ways maximize the economic, environmental and social profit of tourism. Everyone is a stakeholder in the development and we clearly need to avoid our past shortcomings and negative impact that they have had.

For safety and long-term endurance of any sheltered region, support from neighbouring communities is very important. Even if there are no human defrayal in the main reserve area but Ninteen villages are positioned within the buffer zone areas of Corbett Nnational Park. An added 200 villages are located all just about the reserve. These villages depend on the jungle resources for fuel-wood, feed and non-timber jungle produce. Also, itinerant Gujjar tribals visit Corbett and use the fodders for grazing big groups of buffaloes.

This is not easily possible to keep away human-animal clashes in such conditions. It was started an Ecodevelopment Programme to engage villagers in clash reduction and biodiversity preservation by the forest department. Ecodevelopment groups consisting of legislative body of both villagers and the forest division are being encouraged to allow society to plan and apply programmes for resource preservation and create source of revenue. In the inopportune case a human casualty caused by wild animals ex-gratia aid is given to the affected villagers. In addition, sufficient recompense is provided for domestic animals kills and crop damage by wild elephants.